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lundi 18 novembre 2013

Just How Can Vendors Of Outdoor Cordless Speakers Improve The Noise Performance?

By Linda Cullmann


To help you pick a couple of cordless loudspeakers, I am going to clarify the expression "signal-to-noise ratio" which is usually used in order to depict the performance of wireless loudspeakers.

While trying to find a set of wireless loudspeakers, you first are going to check the cost, power amongst additional essential criteria. Nonetheless, after this initial selection, you will still have numerous models to choose from. Next you are going to focus more on several of the technical specs, including signal-to-noise ratio as well as harmonic distortion. An important parameter of cordless speakers is the signal-to-noise ratio. To put it simply, the signal-to-noise ratio describes how much hum or hiss the loudspeakers will add to the audio signal. This ratio is customarily shown in decibel or "db" for short.

Evaluating the noise level of different sets of wireless loudspeakers can be accomplished fairly simply. Simply collect a number of models which you want to evaluate and short circuit the transmitter audio inputs. Next put the wireless speaker gain to maximum and check the amount of hiss by listening to the loudspeaker. Generally you will hear two components. The first is hissing. In addition, you will regularly hear a hum at 50 or 60 Hz. Both of these are components which are created by the cordless speaker itself. Make certain that the gain of each set of cordless speakers is set to the same amount. Otherwise you will not be able to objectively evaluate the level of hiss between different models. The general rule is: the lower the level of noise which you hear the higher the noise performance.

If you favor a couple of wireless speakers with a small level of hissing, you may look at the signal-to-noise ratio figure of the data sheet. Most makers are going to display this number. cordless loudspeakers with a large signal-to-noise ratio will output a small level of noise. There are several reasons why cordless speakers will add some form of noise or other unwanted signal. Transistors and resistors which are part of each modern wireless loudspeaker by nature produce noise. Generally the elements that are situated at the input stage of the built-in power amplifier are going to contribute most to the overall noise. Therefore makers generally are going to pick low-noise elements while developing the cordless loudspeaker amplifier input stage.

A further cause of noise is the cordless music broadcast itself. Typically products which employ FM style transmission at 900 MHz are going to have a fairly large amount of noise. Other cordless transmitters will interfer with FM type transmitters and cause further hiss. As a result the signal-to-noise ratio of FM type wireless loudspeakers changes depending on the distance of the loudspeakers from the transmitter in addition to the amount of interference. To steer clear of these problems, newer transmitters use digital audio broadcast and usually broadcast at 2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz. The signal-to-noise ratio of digital transmitters is independent from the distance of the cordless loudspeakers. It is determined by how the audio signal is sampled. In addition, the quality of components inside the transmitter are going to influence the signal-to-noise ratio.

The majority of of today's wireless speaker use amps which are based on a digital switching topology. These amplifiers are referred to as "class-D" or "class-T" amps. Switching amplifiers include a power stage which is continuously switched at a frequency of around 400 kHz. This switching frequency is also hiss that is part of the amplified signal. Yet, latest wireless loudspeakerspecs generally only consider the hiss between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.

The most widespread method for measuring the signal-to-noise ratio is to set the cordless loudspeaker to a gain which enables the maximum output swing. Then a test signal is fed into the transmitter. The frequency of this signal is usually 1 kHz. The amplitude of this tone is 60 dB below the full scale signal. After that the noise-floor energy is calculated in the frequency range between 20 Hz and 20 kHz and compared with the full scale signal energy.

Time and again you will discover the expression "dBA" or "a-weighted" in your wireless speaker specification sheet. A weighting is a technique of showing the noise floor in a more subjective fashion. This method was designed with the knowledge that human hearing perceives noise at different frequencies differently. Human hearing is most perceptive to signals around 1 kHz. Then again, signals below 50 Hz and higher than 13 kHz are hardly noticed. As a result an A-weighting filter will magnify the noise floor for frequencies which are easily heard and suppress the noise floor at frequencies which are barely perceived. Many cordless speaker will show a higher A-weighted signal-to-noise ratio than the un-weighted ratio.




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